1 indo-greek rulers
1.1 bactrian period (c. 200–130 bce)
1.2 civil wars , nomad invasions (c. 130 bce – 50 ce)
1.3 last eastern kingdom
1.4 indo-greek princelets (gandhara)
the indo-greek rulers
indo-greek kings distinguished bactrian kings in issued dominantly bilingual coinage, meant circulation outside hindu kush. however, demetrius included (though issued no such coins) , bactrian kings held indian territories. chronology tentative, territories. overview largely gives chronology of senior (2004) while of territories adapted bopearachchi (1991). views of both authors, other alternatives, given under each king.
the bactrian period (c. 200–130 bce)
territories of arachosia, paropamisadae, gandhara?
euthydemus , demetrius (c. 200–175 bce) coins. demetrius first indo-greek king gain territories in india. possible made first conquests general father, view supported heliodorus inscription.
demetrius i, founder of indo-greek kingdom (r. c. 205–171 bce).
territories of paropamisadae, gandhara
pantaleon
agathocles coins. these 2 bactrian kings, father , son, ruled between c. 190–175 bce.
territories of gandhara, western punjab
apollodotus (c. 180–160 bce)
antimachus ii (c. 174–165 bce or 160–155 bce). coins r.c senior (2004) has suggested king possibly identical antimachus i, antimachus, co-regent (and presumably son) of antimachus known preserved tax-receipt.
territories of gandhara, western , eastern punjab
menander (reigned c. 165/155 – 135/130 bce), though interruption in western territories. legendary size of kingdom, , support of buddhist faith. coins
territories of arachosia, paropamisadae, gandhara
eucratides managed eradicate euthydemid dynasty , occupy territory far indus, between c. 160–145 bce. eucratides murdered son, thereafter menander seems have regained of territory far west hindu-kush.
zoilos king may have fought against menander around 150–140 bce.
(demetrius iii possibly c. 150 bce). ephemereal ruler possibly identical demetrius, king of indians, fought eucratides.
civil wars , nomad invasions (c. 130 bce – 50 ce)
territories of gandhara or western punjab
a smaller kingdom seems have emerged in kabul valley, between c. 130–115/110 bce.
thrason son of menander, ruled briefly c. 130 bce.
nicias
theophilos coin
philoxenus
territories of arachosia, paropamisadae, gandhara, western , eastern punjab
lysias coins and
antialcidas coins important successors of menander. ruled of indo-greek kingdom, though perhaps co-rulers, c. 130–110 bce.
philoxenus (c. 115–105 or 100–95 bce) coins. philoxenus temporarily united major kingdom smaller state in kabul valley.
territories of arachosia , paropamisadae
diomedes (c. 105–95 bce) coin
hermaeus (reigned c. 95–80 bce).
( yuezhi or saka rulers)
territories of gandhara, western , eastern punjab number of kings fought hegemony during period after philoxenus death advent of maues.
agathokleia (c. 110–105 bce), widow of king, presumably regent son strato i. coins
strato (c. 110–85 bce) coin
the territory of mathura , eastern punjab may have been lost after strato s death.
heliokles ii (c. 95–80 bce) coins
archebios (c. 90–80 bce) coins
amyntas nikator (c. 80–65 bce) coins
the following minor kings ruled parts of kingdom:
polyxenos (c. 80 bce - possibly in gandhara)
peukolaos (c. 90 bce)
demetrius iii aniketos (possibly c. 75 bce)
epander (c. 95–90 bce) coins
territories of paropamisadae , gandhara during 1st century bce, indo-greeks progressively lost ground against invasion of indo-scythians. after invasion of (maues), following kings maintained in paropamisadae or gandhara:
menander ii (c. 70–65 bce) coins
artemidoros (c. 75–65 bce) coins.
telephos (c. 65–60 bce) coins
despite greek name, artemidoros son of maues , therefore formally scythian king, , ethnicity of telephus unknown well.
tetradrachm of hippostratus.
territories of gandhara, western , eastern punjab
apollodotus ii (c. 65–55 bce) coins
apollodotus ii temporarily united of indo-greek kingdom, after death fragmented again.
territories of gandhara , western punjab
hippostratos (c. 60–50 bce)coins, defeated indo-scythian king azes i.
(azes i). indo-scythian king.
last eastern kingdom
territories of eastern punjab
the last indo-greek kings ruled in eastern punjab during around 55 bce – 10 ce
dionysios
zoilos ii
apollophanes
strato iicoin strato iii, overthrown by
(rajuvula), indo-scythian king.
indo-greek princelets (gandhara)
after indo-scythian kings became rulers of northern india, remaining greek communities governed lesser greek rulers, without right of coinage, 1st century ce, in areas of paropamisadae , gandhara:
theodamas (c. 1st century ce) indo-greek ruler of bajaur area, northern gandhara.
the indo-greeks may have kept significant military role towards 2nd century ce suggested inscriptions of satavahana kings.
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