1 works
1.1 poetry
1.2 plays
1.3 novels
1.4 short stories
1.5 travel books
works
in many of gautier s works, subject less important pleasure of telling story. favored provocative yet refined style. list links each year of publication corresponding [year] in poetry article, poetry, or [year] in literature article other works):
poetry
poésies, published in 1830, collection of 42 poems gautier composed @ age of 18. however, publication took place during july revolution, no copies sold , withdrawn. in 1832, collection reissued 20 additional poems under name albertus. edition in 1845 included revisions of of poems. poems written in wide variety of verse forms , show gautier attempts imitate other, more established romantic poets such sainte-beuve, alphonse de lamartine, , hugo, before gautier found own way becoming critic of romantic excesses.
albertus, written in 1831 , published in 1832, long narrative poem of 122 stanzas, each consisting of 12 lines of alexandrine (12-syllable) verse, except last line of each stanza, octosyllabic. albertus parody of romantic literature, of tales of macabre , supernatural. poem tells story of ugly witch magically transforms @ midnight alluring young woman. albertus, hero, falls in love , agrees sell soul.
les jeunes-france ( jeunes-france: tales told tongue in cheek ), published in 1833, satire of romanticism. in 1831, newspaper le figaro featured number of works young generation of romantic artists , published them in jeunes-france.
la comédie de la mort, published in 1838, period piece albertus. in work, gautier focuses on theme of death, gautier terrifying, stifling , irreversible finality. unlike many romantics before him, gautier s vision of death solemn , portentous, proclaiming death definitive escape life s torture. during time wrote work, gautier frequenting many cemeteries, expanding rapidly accommodate many deaths epidemics swept country. gautier translates death curiously heady, voluptuous, exhilarating experience diverts him momentarily gruesome reality , conveys urgent plea light on darkness, life on death. several of these poems have been set melodies composers such berlioz, bizet, fauré, , duparc.
españa (1845) considered transitional volume between 2 phases of gautier s poetic career. inspired author s summer 1840 visit spain, 43 miscellaneous poems in collection cover topics including spanish language , aspects of spanish culture , traditions such music , dance.
Émaux et camées ( enamels , cameos , 1852), published when gautier touring middle east, considered supreme poetic achievement. title reflects gautier s abandonment of romantic ambition create kind of total art involving emotional participation of reader, in favour of more modern approach focusing more on poetic composition s form instead of content. collection of 18 poems in 1852, later editions contained 37 poems.
dernières poésies (1872) collection of poems range earlier pieces unfinished fragments composed shortly before gautier s death. collection dominated numerous sonnets dedicated many of friends.
plays
gautier did not consider himself dramatist more of poet , storyteller. plays limited because of time in lived; during revolution of 1848, many theaters closed down , therefore plays scarce. of plays dominated mid-century written playwrights insisted on conformity , conventional formulas , catered cautious middle-class audiences. result, of gautier s plays never published or reluctantly accepted.
between years 1839 , 1850, gautier wrote or part of 9 different plays:
un voyage en espagne (1843)
la juive de constantine (1846)
regardez mais ne touchez pas (1847) — written less gautier collaborators
pierrot en espagne (1847) — gautier s authorship uncertain
l’amour souffle où il veut (1850) — not completed
une larme du diable (1839) ( devil s tear ) written shortly after gautier s trip belgium in 1836. work considered imitation of medieval mystery play, type of drama popular in 14th century. these plays performed in churches because religious in nature. in gautier s play god cheats bit win bet satan. play humorous , preaches both in favour , against human love.
le tricorne enchanté (1845; magic hat ) play set in 17th century. plot involves old man named géronte wishes marry beautiful woman in love man. after scheming, old man duped , lovers married.
la fausse conversion (1846) ( false conversion ) satirical play written in prose. published in revue des deux mondes on march 1. many other gautier plays, drama not performed in lifetime. takes place in 18th century, before social misery preceded french revolution. la fausse conversion highly anti-feminist , expresses gautier s opinion woman must source of pleasure man or frozen art.
pierrot posthume (1847) brief comedic fantasy inspired italian commedia dell arte, popular in france since 16th century. involved typical triangle , ends happily ever after.
novels
the fictional mademoiselle de maupin, 6 drawings illustrating theophile gautier s romance mademoiselle de maupin, aubrey beardsley, 1897.
mademoiselle de maupin (1835) in september 1833, gautier solicited write historical romance based on life of french opera star mlle maupin, first-rate swordswoman , went disguised man. originally, story historical la maupin, set fire convent love of woman, later retired convent herself, shortly before dying in thirties. gautier instead turned plot simple love triangle between man, d albert, , mistress, rosette, both fall in love madelaine de maupin, disguised man named théodore. message behind gautier s version of infamous legend fundamental pessimism human identity, , perhaps entire romantic age. novel consists of seventeen chapters, in form of letters written d albert or madelaine. critics focus on preface of novel, preached art art s sake through dictum useful ugly.
le roman de la momie (1858)
captain fracasse (1863) book promised public in 1836 published in 1863. novel represents different era , project gautier had wanted complete earlier in youth. centered on soldier named fracasse adventures portray bouts of chivalry, courage , sense of adventure. gautier places story in favourite historical era, of louis xiii. best described typical cloak-and-dagger fairy tale lives happily ever after.
short stories
la morte amoureuse (1836) classic tale of supernatural in priest receives nocturnal visitations female vampire.
one of cleopatra s nights , other fantastic romances (1882) collection of 6 of short stories in english translation lafcadio hearn.
travel books
the travels of théophile gautier - 4 volumes.
the travels of théophile gautier vol 4
travels in russia vol 1
^ gautier, theodore (1912). travels in russia (english ed.). little, brown, , company. retrieved 1 october 2017.
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