1 indian religions
1.1 hinduism
1.2 buddhism
1.3 jainism
1.4 sikhism
indian religions
a hindu temple in sri lanka.
religions originating on indian subcontinent include hinduism, buddhism, jainism, , sikhism. theologies , philosophies of these religions have several concepts in common, such dharma, karma, maya , samsara.
hinduism
om, sacred syllable , quintessential symbol of hinduism
a 13th century cambodian statue of vishnu.
hinduism originated on indian subcontinent. considered world s oldest extant religion. hinduism contains vast body of scripture, divided revealed , remembered, expounding on dharma, or religious living. hindus consider vedas , upanishads being among foremost in authority, importance , antiquity. bhagavad gītā, treatise excerpted mahābhārata, called summary of spiritual teachings of vedas. difficult identify universal belief or practice in hinduism, although prominent themes include: dharma, samsara, karma, , moksha. hinduism called polytheistic religion, oversimplification. hinduism includes diverse collection of schools beliefs span monotheism, polytheism, pantheism, monism , atheism. instance, advaita vedanta school holds there 1 causal entity (brahman), manifests various living , non-living forms observe, whereas traditions such vaishnavism , shaivism worship vishnu , shiva in relatively more monotheistic sense (caused differentiation between parabrahman , atman). number of scholars consider samkhya school of thought have atheistic leanings.
buddhism
the tian tan buddha statue in hong kong.
buddhism nontheistic indian religion , philosophy. buddhism founded around fifth century bce in india siddhartha gautama, buddha, 4 noble truths , eightfold path central principles. according scriptures, 4 noble truths revealed buddha in first sermon after attaining enlightenment. schools of buddhism typically divided theravada , mahayana. in academic circles, mahayana further divided east asian , tibetan buddhism. buddhism teaches becomes enlightened without instruction buddha. primary goal of buddhism liberation of practitioner samsara. buddhists hold solution problem of suffering.
jainism
this holiest jain symbol.
jainism religion of followers of mahavira. said 24th tirthankara, or 24th in line of teachers espousing jain principles. jains reject vedas , highlight practice of austerity. jain faith states jiva, or soul, can escape cycle of rebirth , death through strict ethical behavior. when nothing remains purity of jiva, person called jina, or winner, origin of term jain. karma viewed accumulation burdens soul, causing attachment , suffering. ahimsa, or non-violence, central jain faith , practice. interpreted strictly prohibiting forms of harm other living beings. due this, jainism requires strict vegetarian lifestyle. ahimsa applies speaking, 1 s words can cause harm , suffering.
sikhism
sikhism religion began in northern india. founded on teachings of guru nanak dev , 9 human gurus followed. received vision preach way enlightenment , god in sultanpur. views rejected traditional worships , caste of hindu faith. freedom reincarnation tied remembrance , repetition on 1 universal god. god formless , simultaneously in every form. sikhs believe there 1 universal god ultimate creator, sustainer, , destroyer. gurū granth sāhib central scriptures intended preserve hymns , teachings of sikh gurus , other saints hindu , sufi traditions. rituals, religious ceremonies or empty worship considered of little use , sikhs discouraged fasting or going on pilgrimages. tennents of sikhism include (1) honest living/earning (2) tithing , giving alms (3) chanting on god. sikhism has strong warrior tradition arose in defense of religious freedom , human rights tyrannical moghul occupation of india.
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