the hamdanids arab dynasty, established in 945 ali ibn abdallah nicknamed sayf al-dawla. ruled of syria aleppo capital, under titular authority of abbasid caliph.
non-dynastic
qar awyh chamberlain of sayf al-dawla ousted sa d al-dawla , assumed control on city, sa d al-dawla able regain aleppo in 977.
hamdanid dynasty restored
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