1 english in other british or formerly british territories
1.1 channel islands
1.2 gibraltar
1.3 cyprus
1.4 malta
english in other british or formerly british territories
channel islands
the bailiwicks of jersey , guernsey 2 crown dependencies. besides english, (very few) inhabitants of these islands speak regional languages, or related french (such jèrriais, dgèrnésiais , sercquiais).
all inhabitants of channel islands speak english.
gibraltar
gibraltar has been british overseas territory since anglo-dutch force led sir george rooke seized rock in 1704 , spain ceded territory in perpetuity great britain in 1713 treaty of utrecht.
the small territory s gibraltarian inhabitants have rich cultural heritage result of mix of neighbouring andalusian population immigrants great britain, genoa, malta, portugal, morocco , india.
the vernacular language of territory llanito. consists of eclectic mix of andalusian spanish , british english languages such maltese, portuguese, italian of genoese variety , haketia. though andalusian spanish main constituent of llanito, heavily influenced british english, involving amount of code-switching english.
however, english remains sole official language, used government. medium of instruction in schools , gibraltarians go on tertiary education in uk. although gibraltar receives spanish television , radio, british television available via satellite. whereas century ago, gibraltarians monolingual spanish speakers, majority naturally bilingual in english , spanish.
cyprus
in 1914 ottoman empire declared war against united kingdom , france part of complex series of alliances led world war i. british annexed cyprus on 2 november 1914 part of british empire, making cypriots british subjects. on 5 november 1914 british , french declared war on ottoman empire. of cyprus gained independence united kingdom in 1960, uk, greece , turkey retaining limited rights intervene in internal affairs. parts of island excluded territory of new independent republic , remain under uk control. these zones known sovereign base areas or sbas.
the british colonial history of cyprus has left cypriots level of english no longer official language in either greek south side of island, formally known republic of cyprus or turkish north, turkish republic of northern cyprus though english remains official in sbas. since effective partition of island in 1974, greek , turkish cypriots have had little opportunity or inclination learn others language, , more talk each other in english. older turkish cypriots worked or lived greek cypriots prior partition speak greek quite fluently. indeed, many ottoman soldiers took greek wives , allowed marry four.
english commonly used on cyprus communicate foreign visitors. large number of british tourists (and other, largely northern european ones, use english lingua franca) visit cyprus regularly has contributed largely continued use of english on cyprus, in thriving tourist industry.
after independence in 1960s there attempt encourage french, still important european language. policy have been in line in place in greece @ time. furthermore, in 1960s, affluent french-speaking tourists (both france , lebanon) in terms of percentage more important today. overall though, french policy indicative of desire distance cyprus former british colonial power, against bitter war of independence had been fought , won.
however, knowledge of english helped large cypriot migrant communities in uk , australia, leading diffusion of culture , language country of origin, , negative sentiments towards uk have waned or disappeared. there large british expatriate population, in addition british military presence in sovereign base areas, un buffer zone, peacekeepers use english lingua franca. of above maintains english-speaking presence on island.
malta
in 1814, malta became part of british empire, under terms of treaty of vienna. prior arrival of british, language of educated maltese elite had been italian, , legal statutes, taxation, education , clerical discourses conducted either in italian or in latin.
however, increasingly downgraded increased use of english. british began scripting , codifying maltese – hitherto unscripted vernacular – language in or around 1868. point on, maltese language gradually gained currency main language on islands, grammars , conventions evolving in mix between italian, arabic , english.
between 1870s , 1930s, malta had 3 official languages, italian, maltese , english, in 1934, english , maltese declared sole official languages. british associated italian benito mussolini regime in italy, had made territorial claims on islands, although use of italian nationalists more out of cultural affinities italy sympathy italian fascism. outbreak of world war ii, maltese lost sense of fraternity italian world, , there decline in italian spoken in malta.
english remains official language in malta, since independence in 1964, country s cultural , commercial links italy have strengthened, owing proximity. italian television received in malta , highly popular.
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