1 treatment of tics
1.1 α2-adrenergic receptor agonists
1.2 neuroleptics
1.2.1 typical
1.2.2 atypical
1.3 other medications
treatment of tics
α2-adrenergic receptor agonists
clonidine (or clonidine patch) 1 of medications typically tried first when medication needed tourette s.
the α2-adrenergic receptor agonists (antihypertensive agents) show efficacy in reducing tics, other comorbid features of people tourette s. developed treat high blood pressure, these medications safer alternative neuroleptic medications people ts respond them. class of medication first tried tics, antihypertensives have lower side effect profile of medications more proven efficacy. evidence safety , efficacy not strong evidence of standard , atypical neuroleptics, there fair supportive evidence use, nonetheless. class of medication takes 6 weeks begin work on tics, sustained trials warranted. because of blood pressure effects, antihypertensive agents should not discontinued suddenly. clonidine (brand name catapres) works on tics half of people ts. maximal benefit may not achieved 4–6 months. small number of patients may worsen on clonidine. guanfacine (brand name tenex) antihypertensive used in treating ts. side effects can include sedation, dry mouth, fatigue, headaches , dizziness. sedation can problematic when treatment first initiated, may wear off patient adjusts medication.
neuroleptics
typical
space-filling representation of haloperidol molecule. haloperidol antipsychotic medication used treat severe cases of tourette s.
there no medications designed target tics. typical neuroleptics, or antipsychotics, used treat schizophrenia, one–pimozide (orap)–has been fda-approved treating tourette s. pimozide, along haloperidol , fluphenazine medications proven efficacy in controlling tics. these medications work blocking dopamine receptors, associated large side effect profile, including tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, dystonia, dyskinesia, , akathisia when used long-term.
atypical
atypical antipsychotics second generation, , serve alternative method of treating tics. these medications have more selective dopamine blocking effects, or block serotonin blocking of dopamine. medications in class used treat tics include risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, tiapride, , sulpiride. atypical antipsychotics appear have lower risks of neurological side effects such tardive dyskinesia when used short-term, longer trials needed confirm this. of side effects associated these medications insomnia, weight gain, , school phobia. abnormalities in metabolism, cardiac conduction times, , increased risk of diabetes concerns these medications. there empirical support use of risperidone, , less support others.
other medications
other medications can used treat tics include pergolide (brand name permax), botulinum toxin, , less empirical support efficacy, tetrabenazine , baclofen.
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