1 history
1.1 years
1.2 centre-left coalitions
1.3 shift far left
1.4 out of parliament
1.5 new coalitions
history
early years
the first official italian green symbol , political style directly inspired northern european environmentalist movements. green lists, led gianni mattioli , alexander langer, made debut @ 1987 general election, when gained 2.6% of national vote.
at 1989 european parliament election there 2 competing green parties: green lists , rainbow greens, formed radicals, including adele faccio, adelaide aglietta, marco taradash , francesco rutelli. in 1990 2 parties joined forces form federation of greens.
centre-left coalitions
the new party entered in alliance democratic party of left in 1993 (within alliance of progressives) , francesco rutelli, among leading members, elected mayor of rome.
the greens founding component of olive tree coalition in 1995. following 1996 general election, part of centre-left governments led romano prodi, massimo d alema , giuliano amato. edo ronchi minister of environment (1996–2000) , alfonso pecoraro scanio minister of agriculture (2000–2001). during years, party lost 2 of leading members: francesco rutelli, had been re-elected mayor of rome, in 1997 , carlo ripa di meana in 1999.
in 2001 general election greens formed joint list italian democratic socialists: sunflower. combination scored 2.2%, failing surpass 4% threshold. greens elected 7 deputies , 10 senators in single-member constituencies, part of olive tree coalition.
shift far left
after end of alliance democratic socialists, relatively centrist party, greens shifted far left, prompting exit of leading members edo ronchi, gianni mattioli, luigi manconi, massimo scalia , franco corleone. since point greens considered part of italian radical left , along party of italian communists , communist refoundation party.
in 2004 european parliamentary election greens stood separate list, gaining 2.5% of national vote , electing 2 meps. in 2006 general election, party part of winning union , scored 2.1%, winning 15 out of 630 seats in chamber of deputies. alliance of greens, communists , consumers polled 4.2% in election senate, electing 11 out of 315 senators, 5 of them greens. alfonso pecoraro scanio inaugurated minister of environment, while paolo cento, national coordinator of party , leader of no global faction within it, became under-secretary economy , finance.
in november 2006 pecoraro scanio s political line confirmed in party congress, greens tried re-open doors former members. attempt of re-uniting italian greens failed in january 2007, when mattioli, scalia , corleone left party, citing drifting far-left, , announced intention participate foundation of democratic party (pd). within pd, joined democratic ecologists faction, included many former greens (manconi, ronchi, lino de benetti, stefano semenzato, ermete realacci, gianni vernetti, franco piro, francesco ferrante, carla rocchi, etc.). result, legambiente, largest ecologist association of italy, showed more support pd greens themselves.
out of parliament
in run-up of 2008 general election, greens participated in foundation of left – rainbow communist refoundation party, party of italian communists , democratic left. coalition obtained 3.1% of vote , greens excluded parliament.
in july 2008 grazia francescato elected party leader, replacing alfonso pecoraro scanio, support of 300 delegates in national congress of party. francescato, represented party establishment , supported left-wing of paolo cento, defeated 2 other candidates representing modernizers within party, marco boato (111 votes) , fabio roggiolani (63 votes). if proposed alliance democratic party (notably boato, leader of greens in trentino) defeated, party seemed headed cut ties far left.
for 2009 election greens formed joint list movement left, socialist party, democratic left , unite left. list named left , freedom (sl) , launched on 16 march 2009. list received 3.1% of national vote , failed return meps. after election, decided transform sl permanent federation , francescato wanted greens join it. although line seemed approved majority of party, during congress in october 2009 party rejected proposal narrowly electing angelo bonelli, candidate of liberal faction led boato, instead of francescato s candidate, loredana de petris. after election, marked end of dominance of internal left wing on party, bonelli announced party pursue independent course sl, , try coalesce new ecologist constituent assembly on model of french europe Écologie. however, francescato, de petris , cento continued support sl ecologists left ecology freedom , left greens.
new coalitions
in september 2010 greens launched ecologist constituent assembly. in bonelli s view new political force take inspiration both french verts , german grünen , open contribution of movements , associations, notably including beppe grillo s 5 star movement. other greens, participants of new political force included, among others, massimo scalia (a former leading green), bruno mellano (president of italian radicals), movie maker mario monicelli, writer dacia maraini, geologist mario tozzi , comedian giobbe covatta.
in november 2011 ecologists , civic networks (ecologisti e reti civiche, erc) coalition officially launched.
in 2012 bonelli stood candidate mayor of taranto, garnering 11.9% of vote.
in 2013 general election greens part of civil revolution coalition, obtained mere 2.2% of vote , no seats. in may erc disbanded , in november, during party congress, luana zanella elected serve co-spokesperson along bonelli.
the greens contested 2014 european election green italy, green party established in 2013 , led monica frassoni , fabio granata, within joint list green italy – european greens. electoral list received 0.91% of vote , did not return meps.
in january 2015 senator bartolomeo pepe, former member of 5 star movement (m5s), joined party, giving parliamentary representation after 7 years. in june former senator of m5s, paola de pin, joined greens , sat senator pepe within great autonomies , freedom group. both pepe , de pin leave party. former m5s senator, cristina de pietro, join greens in november 2016 , leave next year.
in november 2015, during party congress, covatta elected spokersperson, succeeding co-spokerspersons bonelli , zanella. whithin 2 years, party appointed bonelli , fiorella zabatta serve day-to-day coordinators, while zanella oversee foreign policy , relations european greens.
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