tornadoes exist on microscale or low end of mesoscale gamma domain. cycle begins when strong thunderstorm develops rotating mesocyclone few miles in atmosphere, becoming supercell. rainfall in storm increases, drags area of descending air known rear flank downdraft (rfd). downdraft accelerates approaches ground, , drags rotating mesocyclone towards ground it.
as mesocyclone approaches ground, visible condensation funnel appears descend base of storm, rotating wall cloud. funnel descends, rfd reaches ground, creating gust front can cause damage distance tornado. usually, funnel cloud begins causing damage on ground (becoming tornado) within minutes of rfd reaching ground.
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