a receiver displaying video @ nominal rate must accommodate varying input stream arrival times buffering data arriving , assuring there enough stored data face possible delays in received data (because of buffer filled before displaying).
similarly, network infrastructure (switches, routers,…) uses buffers @ each node avoid packet loss. these buffers must sized appropriately handle network congestion.
packet delays can caused multiple facts, among there way traffic routed through infrastructure , possible differences between link speeds in infrastructure.
moreover, methods delivering quality of service (qos) using packet metering algorithms may intentionally hold packets meet quality specifications in transmission. achieved using buffer memories.
the effects of these facts on amount of packets received specific point in network can seen in next graphics:
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