1 history
1.1 toponymy
1.2 history
1.3 textiles , industrial revolution
1.4 post-industrial history
history
toponymy
the derivation of name uncertain, several ideas have been proposed. 1 eccles place-name derived romano-british ecles or eglys, derived ancient greek ecclesia. following arrival in ad 613 of invading anglo-saxons @ lancashire, many existing british place-names, rivers , hills (the river irwell example), survived intact. root ecles , found in several village names, exception this. popular theory word denoted site of building recognised anglo-saxons church , feature of landscape. eccles appears have been such village, , ecles may source of modern name. in kenyon s origins of lancashire (1991), however, author suggests may not case there not exact correlation between eccles place-names , pre-domesday hundreds in south lancashire.
early history
pre-historic finds in parish of eccles include dugout boats found @ barton-upon-irwell, arrowhead, spear , axes @ winton, taken appear suggest existence of hunting , travelling society. human habitation in area may extend far 6000 bc, 2 separate periods of settlement on chat moss, first around 500 bc , second during romano-british period.
the village may have been founded refugees manchester (mamucium) during diocletianic persecution in 4th century, although excavations in 2001–2005 revealed civilian settlement @ manchester had been abandoned mid-3rd century. throughout dark ages parish appears have been remote enough untouched local conflicts, while absorbing successive waves of immigrants nearby towns.
the manor of barton-upon-irwell once covered large area; in 1276 included townships such asphull, halghton, halliwelle, farnword, eccles, workedele, withington (latterly winton), irwelham, hulm, quicklewicke, suynhul , swinton. before date appear have been larger, 1320 manor boundaries described tordhale siche descending caldebroc, pit near preste platteforde , pit, ditch of roger clerk, hedge of richard rimeur, following hedge caldebroc. manor controlled barton family until 1292 when marriage came ownership of booth family, retained 300 years. in 1586 trafford family assumed control of manor, , established in 1632 @ whittleswick, renamed trafford park.
the parish of eccles contained townships of barton-upon-irwell, clifton, pendlebury, pendleton , worsley. toward end of middle ages parish had estimated population of 4,000 communicants. agriculture remained important local industry, little change medieval system due lack of adequate drainage , fertiliser. no evidence exists demonstrate layout of area, have been same surrounding areas of salford, urmston , warrington oats , barley have been grown. local cottage industries included blacksmiths, butchers, thatching, basket weaving, skinning , tanning. weaving popular, using linen , wool. merchants traded in corn , badgers bought , sold local produce.
although local gentry supported royalists, english civil war had little effect on area. troops pass through parish , there skirmish @ woolden, other mention of local involvement burial of 2 (probably) local soldiers in 1643. jacobite army passed through in 1745, in advance , subsequent retreat.
textiles , industrial revolution
a calotype of james nasmyth, pictured c. 1844 hill & adamson
in 1795 john aikin described area:
the agriculture of parish chiefly confined grazing, , more materially benefited draining; tax upon brick, essential article in process, has been great hindrance it. use of lime—imported wales, , brought inland navigations neighbourhood of our collieries—has become general in improvement of meadow , pasture lands.
during 18th century predominance of textiles in region partly demonstrated in parish registers of 1807, show 46 children baptised 34 fathers employed weavers. in memoirs of seventy years of eventful life (1852) charles hulbert wrote:
the principal employment of working population of eccles , vicinity @ time, manufacture of cotton goods on home or domestic plan. these not then, according present recollection, more 2 spinning manufactories in manchester, arkwright s loft chimney, , douglas s extensive works, on river irwell, near broken bank ... @ period of first residence in eccles parish, believe above mills chiefly supplied weavers of eccles , other parishes twist warps, purchased master manufacturers.
contemporary view of nasmyth s bridgewater foundry in patricroft. liverpool , manchester railway can seen south of building crosses bridgewater canal.
during 19th century growth of industry meant majority of area s inhabitants employed in textiles or trade, while minority worked in agriculture. factory system introduced; in 1835 1,124 people employed in cotton mills, , 2 mills used power looms. local hand-produced specialities included striped cotton ticks, checks, nankeens , camrays. 2 cotton mills visible on 1845 ordnance survey map of area. area became renowned production of silk, 2 mills @ eccles , 1 @ patricroft. many factory workers children under 12 years of age.
in 1830 james nasmyth (son of alexander nasmyth) visited newly opened liverpool , manchester railway, , on return manchester noted suitability of site alongside canal @ patricroft engineering works. , brother leased land thomas de trafford, , established bridgewater foundry in 1836. foundry completed following year design based upon assembly line production. in 1839 nasmyth invented steam hammer, enabled manufacture of forgings @ scale , speed not seen before. in same year foundry started manufacture railway locomotives, with 109 built 1853. nasmyth died wealthy man in 1890.
an edwardian mill alongside bridgewater canal in winton. built in 1906 eccles spinning , manufacturing company, mill demolished in 2010
the eccles spinning , manufacturing company came being following meeting called mayor of eccles, in concern expressed @ decline in local industry. 2 earlier eccles mills had been destroyed fire, resulting in significant local unemployment. designed potts, son , hennings of manchester, bolton , oldham, opened in 1906. imposing mill contained multi-storey spinning mill, engine house , extensive weaving sheds.
early housing in village consisted of groups of thatched cottages clustered around , near parish church. influx of workers areas around village accompanied increased demand housing. after establishment of local board of health new properties built in gardens of existing dwellings, leading severe overcrowding. in 1852 streets paved boulders, sewerage non-existent, , water supply local well. during latter half of 19th century new housing erected alongside railway, , large areas of open land occupied new housing estates built area s more wealthy residents.
the construction of manchester ship canal provided many local residents jobs; 1,888 people employed on section of new canal @ barton. stone aqueduct on river iwell dating 1761 , designed james brindley demolished , replaced new moveable aqueduct: barton swing aqueduct.
post-industrial history
eccles not immune general decline of textile industry in 20th century. bridgewater foundry ceased operations in 1940, taken on ministry of supply , converted royal ordnance factory. factory closed in late 1980s, , land occupied housing estate.
eccles included in city of salford s unitary development plan 2004–2016 part of western gateway, major focus economic development during plan period. areas developed include barton strategic regional site, dock 9 @ salford quays, weaste quarry near eccles, , remaining land @ northbank, , plan provides improvements include a57 – trafford park link @ barton , provisional support further expansion of metrolink system through area , link between a57 , m62 @ barton. under plan town s retail environment maintained , enhanced.
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