1 impact on literature
1.1 bengali literature
1.2 persian literature
1.3 azeri , turkish literature
1.4 sindhi literature
1.5 urdu literature
1.6 albanian literature
impact on literature
cameleer tells people events witnessed in karbala.
bengali literature
in 1885-1891, mir mosharraf hossain wrote novel named bishad shindhu (the ocean of sorrow) regarding karbala.
persian literature
va ez kashefi s rowzat al-shohada (garden of martyrs) authored in 1502, 1 of main sources used quoting history of battle , aftermath in later histories. kashfi s composition synthesis of long line of historical accounts of karbala, such said al-din s rowzat al-islam (the garden of islam) , al-khawarazmi s maqtal nur al- emmeh (the site of murder of light of imams). kashefi s composition effective factor in formation of rowzweh khani, kind of ritual. name of husayn ibn ali appears several times in work of first great sufi persian poet, sanai. according annemarie schimmel, name of martyred hero can found , in connection bravery , selflessness, , sanai sees him prototype of shahid (martyr), higher , more important other martyrs , have been in world.
the tendency see husayn ibn ali model of martyrdom , bravery continues in poetry written in divan of attar. when shiism became official religion of iran in 15th century, safavid rulers such shah tahmasp i, patronized poets wrote battle of karbala, , genre of marsia, according persian scholar wheeler thackston, particularly cultivated safavids.
azeri , turkish literature
muhammed s grandsons played special role in sufi songs composed yunus emre in late 13th or 14th century.
sindhi literature
sindhi poet shah abdul latif bhittai of bhitshah (1689–1752) devoted sur kedaro in shah jo risalo death of grandson of muhammed, , saw battlet of karbala embedded in mystical tradition of islam. number of poets in sindh have composed elegies on karbala, including sayed sabit ali shah (1740–1810).
urdu literature
in adil shahi , qutb shahi kingdom of deccan, marsia flourished, under patronage of ali adil shah , muhammad quli qutb shah, marsia writers themselves, , poets such ashraf biyabani. urdu marsia written during period still popular in south indian villages. ghalib described husayn ibn ali, using metaphors, similar ones used in odes. mir taqi mir , mirza rafi sauda wrote marsia in battle of karbala saturated cultural , ceremonial imagery of north india.
josh malihabadi known shair-i inqilab , or poet of revolution, used medium of marsia propagate view karbala not pathos-laden event of bygone era, prototype contemporary revolutionary struggles.
vahid akhtar, formerly professor , chairman, dept. of philosophy @ aligarh muslim university, has been crucial in keeping tradition of marsia dynamic in present-day south asia. akht disagrees interpretation of deaths @ karbala mere islamic history; sees them part of revival of ideal islamic state of being.
albanian literature
the events of battle , following rebellion of mukhtar al-thaqafi of 66 ah have been subject of major works in albanian bektashi literature of 19th century. dalip frashëri s kopshti te mirevet (garden of martyrs) earliest , longest epic far written in albanian language. seems frashëri s initial idea translate , adapt fuzûlî s work same name, ended national , comprehensible composition on own. poem made of around 60,000 verses, divided in ten sections, , preceded introduction tells story of bektashism in albania. poem cites sect s important personalities, latter additions, , propagation. follows history of arabs before islam, work of prophet, life , death, , events led karbala tragedy. battle of karbala described in detail; frashëri eulogizes fell martyrs, in particular husayn ibn ali.
his younger brother shahin author of mukhtarnameh (book of mukhtar), albanian: myhtarnameja, epic poem of around 12,000 verses. 1 of longest , earliest epics of albanian literature.
both works established subgenre in albanian literature of time, , served model better known work qerbelaja (karbala) of naim frashëri, albanian national poet , bektashi sufi follower well.
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