1 clinical significance
1.1 fibrosis
1.2 cardiovascular disease
1.3 cancer
clinical significance
fibrosis
a correlation between galectin-3 expression levels , various types of fibrosis has been found. galectin-3 upregulated in cases of liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, , idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf). in several studies mice deficient in or lacking galectin-3, conditions caused control mice develop ipf, renal, or liver fibrosis either induced limited fibrosis or failed induce fibrosis entirely. companies have developed galectin modulators block binding of galectins carbohydrate structures. galectin-3 inhibitor, td139 has potential treat fibrosis.
cardiovascular disease
elevated levels of galectin-3 have been found associated higher risk of death in both acute decompensated heart failure , chronic heart failure populations. in normal human, murine, , rat cells galectin-3 levels low. however, heart disease progresses, significant upregulation of galectin-3 occurs in myocardium.
galectin-3 may used biomarker identify @ risk individuals, , predict patient response different drugs , therapies. instance, galectin-3 levels used in detection of failure-prone hearts , lead intervention strategies including broad spectrum anti-inflammatory agents. 1 study concluded individuals systolic heart failure of ischaemic origin , elevated galectin-3 levels may benefit statin treatment. galectin-3 has been associated factor promoting ventricular remodeling following mitral valve repair, , may identify patients requiring additional therapies obtain beneficial reverse remodeling.
cancer
the wide variety of effects of galectin-3 on cancerous cells due unique structure , various interaction properties of molecule. overexpression , changes in localization of galectin-3 molecules affects prognosis of patient , targeting actions of galectin-3 poses promising therapeutic strategy development of effective therapeutic agents cancer treatment.
overexpression , changes in sub- , inter-cellular localization of galectin-3 commonly seen in cancerous conditions. many interaction , binding properties of galectin-3 influence various cell activities based on location. altered galectin-3 expression can affect cancer cell growth , differentiation, chemoattraction, apoptosis, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, adhesion, invasion , metastasis.
galectin-3 overexpression promotes neoplastic transformation , maintenance of transformed phenotypes enhances tumour cell s adhesion extracellular matrix , increase metastatic spreading. galectin-3 can either inhibitory or promoting apoptotic depending on sub-cellular localization. in immune regulation, galectin-3 can regulate immune cell activities , helps contribute tumour cell s evasion of immune system. galectin-3 helps promote angiogenesis.
the roles of galectins , galectin-3, in particular, in cancer have been heavily investigated. of note, galectin-3 has been suggested play important roles in cancer metastasis.
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