Complications during pregnancy Twin

1 complications during pregnancy

1.1 vanishing twins
1.2 conjoined twins
1.3 chimerism
1.4 parasitic twins
1.5 partial molar twins
1.6 miscarried twin
1.7 low birth weight
1.8 twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
1.9 stillbirths

complications during pregnancy
vanishing twins

researchers suspect many 1 in 8 pregnancies start out multiples, single fetus brought full term, because other fetus has died in pregnancy , has not been detected or recorded. obstetric ultrasonography exams reveal fetus, fails develop , instead disintegrates , vanishes in uterus. there several reasons vanishing fetus, including being embodied or absorbed other fetus, placenta or mother. known vanishing twin syndrome. also, in unknown proportion of cases, 2 zygotes may fuse after fertilization, resulting in single chimeric embryo, and, later, fetus.

chang , eng bunker, born in siam (now thailand) in 1811, origin of term siamese twins .


conjoined twins

conjoined twins (or once-commonly used term siamese ) monozygotic twins bodies joined during pregnancy. occurs when zygote starts split after day 12 following fertilization , fails separate completely. condition occurs in 1 in 50,000 human pregnancies. conjoined twins evaluated surgery attempt separate them separate functional bodies. degree of difficulty rises if vital organ or structure shared between twins, such brain, heart or liver.

chimerism

a chimera ordinary person or animal except of parts came twin or mother. chimera may arise either monozygotic twin fetuses (where impossible detect), or dizygotic fetuses, can identified chromosomal comparisons various parts of body. number of cells derived each fetus can vary 1 part of body another, , leads characteristic mosaicism skin coloration in human chimeras. chimera may intersex, composed of cells male twin , female twin. in 1 case dna tests determined woman, mystifyingly, not mother of 2 of 3 children; found chimera, , 2 children conceived eggs derived cells of mother s twin.

parasitic twins

sometimes 1 twin fetus fail develop , continue cause problems surviving twin. 1 fetus acts parasite towards other. parasitic twin becomes indistinguishable part of other, , needs treated medically.

partial molar twins

a rare type of parasitic twinning 1 single viable twin endangered when other zygote becomes cancerous, or molar. means molar zygote s cellular division continues unchecked, resulting in cancerous growth overtakes viable fetus. typically, results when 1 twin has either triploidy or complete paternal uniparental disomy, resulting in little or no fetus , cancerous, overgrown placenta, resembling bunch of grapes.

miscarried twin

occasionally, woman suffer miscarriage in pregnancy, yet pregnancy continue; 1 twin miscarried other able carried term. occurrence similar vanishing twin syndrome, typically occurs later, twin not reabsorbed.

low birth weight

it common twins born @ low birth weight. more half of twins born weighing less 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg), while average birth weight of healthy baby should around 6–8 pounds (3–4 kg). largely due fact twins typically born premature. premature birth , low birth weights, when under 3.5 pounds (1.6 kg), can increase risk of several health-related issues, such vision , hearing loss, mental disabilities, , cerebral palsy. there increased possibility of potential complications birth weight of baby decreases.

twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome

monozygotic twins share placenta can develop twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. condition means blood 1 twin being diverted other twin. 1 twin, donor twin, small , anemic, other, recipient twin, large , polycythemic. lives of both twins endangered condition.

stillbirths

stillbirths occurs when fetus dies after 20 weeks of gestation. there 2 types of stillbirth, including intrauterine death , intrapartum death. intrauterine death occurs when baby dies during late pregnancy. intrapartum death, more common, occurs when baby dies while mother giving birth. cause of stillbirth unknown, rate of babies stillborn higher in twins , multiple births. caesareans or inductions advised after 38 weeks of pregnancy twins, because risk of stillbirth increases after time.