emperor angelfish , hump coral - howland island nwr.
on june 27, 1974, secretary of interior rogers morton created howland island national wildlife refuge expanded in 2009 add submerged lands within 12 nautical miles (22 km) of island. refuge includes 648 acres (2.62 km) of land , 410,351 acres (1,660.63 km) of water. along 6 other islands, island administered u.s. fish , wildlife service part of pacific remote islands national wildlife refuge complex. in january 2009, entity upgraded pacific remote islands marine national monument president george w. bush.
the island habitat has suffered presence multiple invasive exotic species. black rats introduced in 1854 , eradicated in 1938 feral cats introduced year before. cats proved destructive bird species, , cats eliminated 1985. pacific crabgrass continues compete local plants.
public entry island special use permit u.s. fish , wildlife service , restricted scientists , educators. representatives agency visit island on average once every 2 years, coordinating transportation amateur radio operators or u.s. coast guard defray high cost of logistical support.
Comments
Post a Comment