1 list of soil terms
1.1 a-c
1.2 d-h
1.3 i-q
1.4 s-z
list of soil terms
unless otherwise noted primary reference list sotheby s wine encyclopedia 2005
a-c
albariza - formed diatomaceous deposits. found in southern spain
alluvial soil - highly fertile soil has been transported river. contains gravel, sand , silt.
basalt - volcanic rock high in calcium, iron, , magnesium. variable potassium , little or no quartz.
boulbènes - fine siliceous soil compressed , common in entre-deux-mers region of bordeaux.
calcareous soil - alkaline soil high levels of calcium , magnesium carbonate. typically cool in temperature soil provides water retention , drainage. calcareous clay soils have high limestone content neutralizes natural acidity of soil. cool temperatures of soil delay ripening in grape tends produce more acidic wines.
carbonaceous soil - soil produced through anaerobic decomposition of rotting vegetation. type of soil includes anthracite, coal, lignite , peat.
chalk - porous soft limestone soil vine roots can penetrate. provides drainage , works best grapes high acidity levels.
clay - sedimentary rock based soil has water retention ability poor drainage. soil cool , high in acidity. right bank of bordeaux dominated clay based soils.
d-h
dolomite - calcium-magnesium carbonate soil.
flint - siliceous stone reflects , retains heat well. pouilly-fumé wine of loire valley produced flint-based soil , said have gun-flint smell in wine.
galestro - schist based soil found in tuscany region of italy.
granite - composed of 40-60% quartz, 30-40% orthoclase , various amounts of hornblende, mica, , other minerals. soil warms , retains heat well. soil s high level of acidity works minimize acid levels in grapes works acidic grapes gamay. main soil type of brand region of alsace.
gravel - loose siliceous pebble soil has drainage poor fertility. vines planted in type of soil must penetrate try , find nutrients in subsoil. wine made vines produces on clay gravel beds have less acidity planted on limestone gravel beds. graves , sauternes regions of bordeaux consist predominantly of gravel-based soil.
greywacke - sedimentary soil formed rivers depositing quartz, mudstone , feldspar. found in vineyards of germany, new zealand , south africa.
gypsum - calcium sulfate based soil formed through evaporation of seawater. high absorbent soil has average drainage ability.
hardpan - dense layer of clay or other material impermeable water. in areas of bordeaux, sandy iron-rich layer located deep enough below surface act water table vine.
i-q
keuper - soil type consisting of marl , limestone common in alsace, dating upper triassic period.
kimmeridgian soil - gray colored limestone based soil identified in kimmeridge, england. kimmeridgian clay calcareous clay containing kimmeridgian limestone. principal soil type of loire valley, champagne , burgundy regions.
lignite - soil type used fertilizer in germany , champagne. brown colored carbonaceous soil intermediate between peat , coal.
limestone - sedimentary based soil consisting of carbonates. common colored limestone found in wine producing area buff-gray in color (with exception of white chalk). water retention abilities vary composition limestone consistently alkaline , planted grapes of high acidity levels. main soil type in zinnkoepflé region of alsace.
llicorella - soil type found in priorat appellation of spain. soil mix of slate , quartz dates paleozoic era. soil porous , drains well. syrah, grenache , carignan have done in soil type.
loam - warm, soft, fertile soil composed of equal amounts of silt, sand , clay. typically fertile high quality wines need limit yields in order concentrate flavors.
loess - fine, silt-based soil composed of wind-borne sediment typically angular , decalcified. soil has water retention , warming properties.
marl - calcareous clay-based soil adds acidity wine. vines planted in type of soil ripen later in other soil types. marl soil typically deep , lacking in stone fragments; main soil type in piedmont wine region of italy. marlstone indurated (well-cemented) metamorphic form of marl.
mica - silicate based soil composed of fine, decomposed rock formations.
muschelkalk -soil type consisting of various compositions of sandstone, marl, dolomite, , shingle common in alsace dating middle triassic period.
perlite - volcanic soil type light, powdery , lustrous properties similar diatomaceous earth.
quartz - common material found in vineyard soils - sand , silt based soils. high soil ph of quartz can reduce acidity of resulting wines heat retaining property stores , reflects heat can increase ripening of grape can result in wine of higher alcohol content.
s-z
sand - warm, airy soil composed of tiny particles of weathered rocks. 1 of few soils phylloxera louse not thrive in, soil drains not have water retention. sandstone sedimentary soil composed of sand particles has been pressured bound various iron based minerals. main soil type of kitterlé in alsace.
schist - laminated, crystalline rock based soil retains heat , rich in magnesium , potassium poor in organic nutrients , nitrogens.
shale - fine grain sedimentary based soil can turn slate when under pressure. soil moderately fertile , retains heat well.
siliceous soil - soil composed of acid rock crystalline in nature. soil has heat retention needs added composition of silt, clay , other sedimentary soils have kind of water retention. range of soil can include organic materials kieselguhr , flint or inorganic materials quartz. soil type covers half of wine regions of bordeaux.
silt - soil type consisting of fine grain deposits offer water retention poor drainage. more fertile sand.
silex - flint , sand based soil type found in loire valley formed mixture of clay, limestone , silica.
slate - soil type common found in mosel region. slate metamorphic, plate-like rock formed when shale, clay, or siltstone subjected pressure deep within earth. soil retains heat , warms relatively quickly.
steige - schist based soil found in andlau region of alsace. in alsace grand cru aoc of kastelberg, soil has metamorphosed granite sand form hard, dark slate stone.
terra rossa - sedimentary soil, known red earth , formed after carbonates have been leached out of limestone. breakdown leaves behind iron deposits oxidizes , turns soil rustic red color. soil type found in areas along mediterranean , in coonawarra. soil drains , relatively high in nutrients. australian winemakers have found success cabernet sauvignon plantings.
tufa - highly-friable calcareous bedrock breaks down fine crumb structure.
ultisol - highly weathered, largely infertile, clay-based soil - brilliant red in color - found in american south.
volcanic soil - soil derived 1 of 2 volcanic activities. 1.) vent-based soil formed rock material (including pumice , tuff) has been ejected air , cooled before settling earth. 2.) lava-based soil product of lava flows volcano. ninety percent of lava-based soil composed of basalt other ten percent composed of andesite, pitchstone, rhyolite, , trachyte.
^ e. s. brown world s top 10 wine soils wine geeks 7/5/2007
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