1 special licences
1.1 australia
1.2 canada
1.3 european union
1.4 united states
special licences
australia
in australia heavy vehicle licenses issued states national standard; there 5 classes of license required drivers of heavy vehicles:
a light rigid (lr class) license covers rigid vehicle gross vehicle mass (gvm) not more 8 tons, towed trailer not weighing more 9 tons gtm (gross trailer mass). also, buses gvm 8 tons carry more 12 adults including driver.
a medium rigid (mr class) license covers rigid vehicle 2 axles , gvm of more 8 tons, towed trailer not weighing more 9 tons gtm.
a heavy rigid (hr class) license covers rigid vehicle 3 or more axles towed trailer not weighing more 9 tons gtm. articulated buses.
a heavy combination (hc class) license covers semi-trailers, or rigid vehicles towing trailer gtm of more 9 tons.
a multi-combination (mc class) license covers multi-combination vehicles road trains , b-double vehicles.
a person must have c class (car) licence 1 year before can apply lr or mr class licence , 2 years before can apply hr, upgrade hc class licence person must have mr or hr class licence 1 year , upgrade mc class licence person must have hr or hc class licence 1 year.
canada
a driver s license in canada, including commercial vehicle licenses, issued , regulated provincially. regarding cdl (commercial drivers licenses), there no standardization between provinces , territories.
european union
in eu, 1 or more of categories of large goods vehicle (lgv) licenses required.
medium sized vehicles:
c1 lorries between 3500 kg , 7500 kg trailer 750 kg.
medium sized vehicles trailers:
c1+e lorries between 3500 kg , 7500 kg trailer on 750 kg - total weight not more 12000 kg (if passed category b test prior 1.1.1997 restricted total weight not more 8250 kg).
large vehicles:
c vehicles on 3500 kg trailer 750 kg.
large vehicles trailers:
c+e vehicles on 3500 kg trailer on 750 kg.
in australia, example, hc license covers buses goods vehicles in uk , of eu separate license needed.
minibuses:
d1 vehicles between 9 , 16 passenger seats trailer 750 kg.
minibuses trailers:
d1+e combinations of vehicles towing vehicle in subcategory d1 , trailer has mam of on 750 kg, provided mam of combination formed not exceed 12000 kg, , mam of trailer not exceed unladen mass of towing vehicle.
buses:
d bus more 8 passenger seats trailer 750 kg.
buses trailers:
d+e bus more 8 passenger seats trailer on 750 kg.
united states
the united states employs truck classification system, , truck drivers required have commercial driver s license (cdl) operate cmv gross vehicle weight rating in excess of 26,000 pounds.
acquiring cdl requires skills test (pre-trip inspection , driving test), , knowledge test (written) covering unique handling qualities of driving large, heavily loaded commercial vehicle, , mechanical systems required operate such vehicle (air brakes, suspension, cargo securement, et al.), plus declared fit medical examination no less every 2 years. passenger bus drivers, current passenger endorsement required.
a person must @ least 18 years of age obtain cdl. drivers under age 21 limited operating within state of licensing (intrastate operation). many major trucking companies require driver applicants @ least 23 years of age, year of experience, while others hire , train new drivers long have clean driving history.
the u.s. department of transportation (us dot) stipulates various classes of cdls , associated licensing , operational requirements , limitations.
class – combination of vehicles gvwr (gross vehicle weight rating) of 26,001 or more pounds provided gvwr of vehicle(s) being towed in excess of 10,000 pounds.
class b – single vehicle gvwr of 26,001 or more pounds, or such vehicle towing vehicle, not in excess of 10,000 pounds gvwr.
a tanker truck.
class c – single vehicle, or combination of vehicles, not meet definition of class or class b, either designed transport 16 or more passengers, including driver or placarded hazardous materials.
a cdl can contain separate endorsements required operate trailers or haul cargo. these endorsements noted on cdl , appear in advertisements outlining requirements employment.
t – double/triple trailers (knowledge test only)
p – passenger (knowledge test; skills test may required operations. required bus drivers.)
n – tank vehicle (knowledge test only)
h – hazardous materials (knowledge test only, requires fingerprint , background check since september 11 attacks)
x – combination of tank vehicle , hazardous materials
other endorsements possible, e.g., m endorsement transport metal coils weighing more 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg), tested , issued individual states , not consistent throughout states (as of writing, m endorsement peculiar state of new york). laws of state whence driver s cdl issued considered applicable laws governing driver.
if driver either fails air brake component of general knowledge test or performs skills test in vehicle not equipped air brakes, driver issued air brake restriction, restricting driver operating cmv equipped air brakes.
specifically, five-axle tractor-semitrailer combination commonly associated word truck requires class cdl drive. beyond that, driver s employer (or shipping customers, in case of independent owner-operator) specifies endorsements operations require driver possess.
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