Ancestral species Citrus taxonomy

1 ancestral species

1.1 mandarins
1.2 citrons
1.3 kumquats
1.4 australian , new guinean species
1.5 trifoliate orange

ancestral species
mandarins

mandarin oranges (tangerines, satsumas) 1 of basic species. pure-bred ones genetically diverse. many varieties commercially called mandarins hybrids. hybrids sweet oranges, hybrids lemons. hybrids pomelos (and sweet oranges).

citrons

these varieties of citron, etrog , fingered, have distinctly different appearances.



3 more varieties of citrus medica true non-hybrid citrons.

many varieties of true (non-hybrid) citron have distinctly different forms. fingered citron varieties used in buddhist offerings, , more common varieties used etrog in jewish harvest festival of sukkot. there specific variety of citron called etrog.

in modern hebrew, etrog indicates variety of citron, whether or not appropriate sukkot use. when etrog used english term of art, applies varieties , specimens used 1 of 4 species in festival. various jewish ethno-cultural groups use different varieties, according traditions or decisions of respective jewish law scholars. mountain citron, however, has no relation true citron , belongs citrus subg. papeda.

many citrons not hybrids varieties of original species. citron fertilized self-pollination, , therefore male parent of citrus hybrid, rather female one. many citron varieties proven non-hybrids despite morphological differences; however, florentine citron of hybrid origin.

kumquats

kumquats separate species, few hybrids, none of commonly called kumquat .

australian , new guinean species

australian , new guinean citrus species genetically separate, although commercial varieties hybrids mandarins, lemons, and/or sweet oranges.

trifoliate orange

the trifoliate orange cold hardy plant distinguishable leaves 3 leaflets. member of poncirus genus (disputed), close enough citrus genus used rootstock. indian wild orange is, according research, 1 of ancestors of today s cultivated citrus fruits. bergamot orange hybrid of citrus limetta , citrus aurantium.