anglic speakers established in lothian 7th century, remained confined there, , indeed contracted advance of gaelic language. however, during 12th , 13th centuries, norman landowners , retainers, invited settle king. probable many of retainers spoke northern form of middle english, although french more common. of evidence suggests english spread scotland via burgh, proto-urban institutions first established king david i. incoming burghers english (especially northumbria, , earldom of huntingdon), flemish , french. although military aristocracy employed french , gaelic, these small urban communities appear have been using english more lingua franca end of 13th century. english appeared in scotland first time in literary form in mid-14th century, when form unsurprisingly differed little other northern english dialects. consequence of outcome of wars of independence though, english of lothian lived under king of scots had accept scottish identity. growth in prestige of english in 14th century, , complementary decline of french in scotland, made english prestige language of of eastern scotland.
thus, end of 14th century, , end of 15th century, scotland began show split 2 cultural areas – english or scots lowlands, , gaelic-speaking highlands (which thought include galloway , carrick; see galwegian gaelic). caused divisions in country lowlands remained, historically, more influenced english south: lowlands lay more open attack invading armies south , absorbed english influence through proximity , trading relations southern neighbours.
in 1603 scottish king james vi inherited throne of england, , became james of england. james moved london , returned once scotland. time of james vi s accession english throne old scottish court , parliament spoke scots. scots developed anglian spoken in northumbrian kingdom of bernicia, in 6th century conquered brythonic kingdom of gododdin , renamed capital of din eidyn edinburgh (see etymology of edinburgh). scots continues heavily influence spoken english of scottish people today. more similar dialects in north of england british english, today. introduction of king james version of bible scottish churches blow scots language, since used southern english forms.
in 1707 scottish , english parliaments signed treaty of union. implementing treaty involved dissolving both english , scottish parliaments, , transferring powers new parliament in london became british parliament. customs , currency union took place. this, scotland s position consolidated within united kingdom.
today, residents of scotland speak english, although many speak various dialects of scots differ markedly scottish standard english. approximately 2% of population use scottish gaelic language of everyday use, in northern , western regions of country. virtually scottish gaelic speakers speak fluent english.
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