ethnographic map of balkans (detail), atlas général vidal-lablache, paris, 1898.
19th century data population of kosovo tend rather conflicting, giving numerical superiority serbs , albanians. ottoman statistics regarded unreliable, empire counted citizens religion rather nationality, using birth records rather surveys of individuals.
a study in 1838 austrian physician, dr. joseph müller found metohija slavic in character. müller gives data 3 counties (bezirke) of prizren, peć , Đakovica covered metohija, portion adjacent albania , affected albanian settlers. out of 195,000 inhabitants in region, müller found:
114,000 muslims (58%):
c. 38,000 serbs (19%)
c. 86,000 albanians (39%)
christians:
73,572 eastern orthodox serbs (38%)
5,120 roman catholic albanians (3%)
2,308 other non-muslims (janjevci etc.)
müller s observations on towns:
peć: 11,050 serbs, 500 albanians
prizren: 16,800 serbs, 6150 albanians
Đakovica: majority of albanians, surrounding villages serbian
map published french ethnographer g. lejean in 1861 shows albanians lived on around 57% kosovo while similar map, published british travellers g. m. mackenzie , a. p. irby in 1867 shows less; these maps don t show population larger overall. nevethless, maps cannot used measure population leave out density.
a study done in 1871 austrian colonel peter kukulj internal use of austro-hungarian army showed mutesarifluk of prizren (corresponding largely present-day kosovo) had 500,000 inhabitants, of which:
318,000 serbs (64%),
161,000 albanians (32%),
10,000 roma (gypsies) , circassians
2,000 turks
ethnic distribution of albanians, historical atlas, new york, 1911
modern serbian sources estimated around 400,000 serbs cleansed out of vilayet of kosovo between 1876 , 1912.
maps published german historian kiepert in 1876, j. hahn , austrian consul k. sax, show albanians live on of territory of kosovo, don t show population larger. according these, regions of kosovska mitrovica , kosovo polje settled serbs, whereas of territory of western , eastern parts of today s province settled muslim albanians.
an austrian statistics published in 1899 estimated:
182,650 albanians (47.88%)
166,700 serbs (43.7%)
at end of 19th century, spiridon gopchevich, austrian traveller – comprised statistics , published them in vienna. established prizren had 60,000 citizens of whom 11,000 christian serbs , 36,000 muslem serbs. remaining population turks, albanians, tzintzars , roma. peć said had 2,530 households of 1,600 mohammedan, 700 christian serb, 200 catholic albanian , 10 turkish.
during , after serbian–ottoman war of 1876–78, between 30,000 , 70,000 muslims, albanians, expelled serb army sanjak of niș (located north-east of contemporary kosovo) , fled kosovo vilayet. serbs lab region moved serbia during , after war of 1876 , incoming albanian refugees (muhaxhirë) repopulated villages. apart lab region, sizeable numbers of albanian refugees resettled in other parts of northern kosovo alongside new ottoman-serbian border. albanian refugees resettled in on 30 large rural settlements in central , southeastern kosovo. many refugees spread out , resettled in urban centers increased populations substantially. western diplomats reporting in 1878 placed number of refugee families @ 60,000 families in macedonia, 60-70,000 refugees serbia spread out within vilayet of kosovo. ottoman governor of vilayet of kosovo estimated in 1881 refugees number around 65,000 resettled in sanjaks of Üsküp , yeni pazar.
note: territory of ottoman kosovo vilayet quite different modern-day kosovo.
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