present administrative map of caucasus.
administrative map of caucasus in ussr, 1957–1991.
located on peripheries of iran, russia , turkey, region has been arena political, military, religious, , cultural rivalries , expansionism centuries. throughout history, region has come under control of various empires, including achaemenid, parthian, roman, sassanian, byzantine, mongol, ottoman, successive iranian (safavid, afsharid, qajar), , russian empires, of introduced faiths , cultures. throughout history, transcaucasia under direct rule of various in-iran based empires , part of iranian world. in course of 19th century, qajar iran had irrevocably cede region (alongside territories in dagestan, north caucasus) result of 2 russo-persian wars of century imperial russia.
ancient kingdoms of region included armenia, albania , iberia, among others. these kingdoms later incorporated various iranian empires, including achaemenid empire, parthian empire, , sassanid empire, during zoroastrianism became dominant religion in region. however, after rise of christianity , conversion of caucasian kingdoms new religion, zoroastrianism lost prevalence , survived because of persian power , influence still lingering in region. thus, transcaucasia became area of not military, religious convergence, led bitter conflicts successive persian empires (and later muslim-ruled empires) on 1 side , roman empire (and later byzantine empire) on other side.
the iranian parthians established , installed several eponymous branches in transcaucasia, namely arsacid dynasty of armenia, arsacid dynasty of iberia, , arsacid dynasty of caucasian albania.
in middle of 8th century, capture of derbend umayyad armies during arab–khazar wars, of transcaucasia became part of caliphate , islam spread throughout region. later, orthodox christian kingdom of georgia dominated of transcaucasia. region conquered seljuk, mongol, turkic, safavid, ottoman, afsharid , qajar dynasties.
after 2 wars in first half of 19th century, namely russo-persian war (1804-1813) , russo-persian war (1826-1828), russian empire conquered of transcaucasia (and dagestan in north caucasus) iranian qajar dynasty, severing historic regional ties iran. treaty of gulistan followed after 1804-1813 war, iran forced cede modern-day dagestan, eastern georgia, , of azerbaijan republic russia. treaty of turkmenchay followed after 1826-1828 war, iran lost of modern-day armenia , remainder of contemporary azerbaijani republic remained in iranian hands. after 1828-1829 war, ottomans ceded western georgia (except adjaria, known sanjak of batum), russians.
in 1844, comprises present-day georgia, armenia , azerbaijan republic combined single czarist government-general, termed vice-royalty in 1844-1881 , 1905-1917. following 1877-78 russo-turkish war, russia annexed kars, ardahan, agri , batumi ottomans, joined unit, , established province of kars oblast southwesterly territory in transcaucasus.
after fall of russian empire in 1918, transcaucasia region unified single political entity twice, transcaucasian democratic federative republic 9 april 1918 26 may 1918, , transcaucasian socialist federative soviet republic 12 march 1922 5 december 1936, each time dissolved separate republics armenia, azerbaijan , georgia.
in august 2008, russo-georgian war took place across transcaucasia, contributing further instability in region, intricate middle east, due complex mix of religions (mainly muslim , orthodox christian) , ethno-linguistic groups.
Comments
Post a Comment