jaufre rudel dying in arms of hodierna of tripoli (13th-century manuscript)
zaira (1845, modena) composed antonio mami; libretto felice romani, after voltaire s zaïre
the crusaders (1846, london) composed julius benedict; libretto alfred bunn , jules-henri vernoy de saint-georges, conflates events first crusade (by way of tasso s la gerusalemme liberata) , third crusade.
jérusalem (1847, paris) composed giuseppe verdi; libretto alphonse royer , gustave vaëz
aroldo (1857, rimini) composed giuseppe verdi; libretto francesco maria piave
il talismano (1874, london) composed michael balfe knight of leopard , completed after death michael costa; libretto giuseppe zaffira after sir walter scott s novel, talisman
zaïre (1887, lille) composed charles edouard lefebvre; libretto paul collin, after voltaire s zaïre
zaïre (1890, paris), composed paul véronge de la nux; libretto Édouard blau , louis besson, after voltaire s zaïre
^ osborne (2007) pp. 271–272
^ london s distaste staged biblical operas @ time, led change of plot. more on differences between pietro l eremita , mosè in egitto , critical reception, see siberry (2003) pp. 289–290
^ le tellier (2006) p. 88
^ holden (2001) p. 227
^ osborne (2007) pp. 106–107
^ thicknesse (28 october 2003)
^ budden (1992) p. 114
^ grove (1900) p. 660
^ hubbard , krehbiel (2004) p. 414
^ partly translated , adapted solera s libretto verdi s lombardi alla prima crociata. see budden (1992) p. 135
^ aroldo reworking , expansion of verdi , piave s 1850 stiffelio. both share plot of man returning long journey find wife has been unfaithful. mid-19th-century protestant minister, stiffelio, became aroldo (harold), english knight returning crusades. see holden (2001) pp. 997–998
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