Hybrids Citrus taxonomy

1 hybrids

1.1 labelling of hybrids
1.2 major citrus hybrids
1.3 sweet lemons , sweet limes
1.4 other minor citrus hybrids (partial list)
1.5 chimera
1.6 intergenetic hybrids

1.6.1 citrofortunella
1.6.2 citrocirus

hybrids

citrus hybrids include many varieties , species have been selected plant breeders, useful characteristics of fruit. citrus hybrids occurred naturally, , others have been deliberately created, either cross pollination , selection among progeny, or (rarely, , recently) somatic hybrids. aim of plant breeding of hybrids use 2 or more different citrus varieties or species, in order intermediate traits, or desirable traits of parents. in cases, particularly natural hybrids, hybrid speciation has occurred, new plants considered different species of parents. citrus hybrid names marked multiplication sign after word citrus , example citrus × aurantifolia.

labelling of hybrids

citrus fruit taxonomy still poorly understood, , modern hybrids of known parentage sold under general names give little information ancestry, or technically incorrect information.

this can problem can eat citrus varieties. drug interactions chemicals found in citrus, including grapefruit , seville oranges, make ancestry of citrus fruit of interest; many commonly sold citrus varieties grapefruit hybrids or pummello-descended grapefruit relatives. 1 medical review has advised patients on medication avoid citrus juice, although citrus fruits contain no furanocoumarins.

citrus allergies can specific fruit or parts of fruit.

major citrus hybrids

the common oranges grapefruits hybrids between mandarin , pummelo.



mandarin orange true species, 1 of progenitors of cultivated citrus.



trifoliate orange belongs genus poncirus, according swingle.



the lumia



the limetta

the known citrus hybrids treated species themselves, in folk taxonomy, are:

grapefruit: grapefruits more akin pommelo ancestor.
lemon , lime: lemons 1 common ancestor, , diverged mutation. ancestor hybrid citron, pummelo , mandarin ancestry; citrons contribute largest share of genome.
orange: not fruits called name orange share genetic affiliation. common sweet orange , sour orange genetics of grapefruit, cross between pommelo , mandarin orange. intermediate between 2 ancestors in size, flavor , shape. above-mentioned oranges have orange color of mandarin orange in outer peels , segments, , easier peel grapefruits.

sweet lemons , sweet limes

sweet lemons, sweet limes, , rough lemons hybrids similar non-sweet lemons , limes, less citron parentage.

sweet lemons , sweet limes less acid regular lemons , limes. name applied to:

sweet limes , lemons not sharply separated:

the sweet lime, citrus limettioides tan. (syn. c. lumia risso et poit.), confused sweet lemon, c. limetta tan., (q.v. under lemon) which, in areas, referred sweet lime . in of literature, impossible tell fruit under discussion.

the same plant may known different names:

the indian sweet lime mitha nimbu (numerous modifications , other local names) of india, limûn helou or succari of egypt, , palestine sweet lime (to distinguish millsweet , tunisian limettas, commonly called sweet limes).

other minor citrus hybrids (partial list)

shikwasa, hirami lemon – citrus × depressa
kaffir lime – citrus × hystrix
rangpur lime – citrus × limonia
sudachi – citrus sudachi
yuzu – citrus ichangensis × reticulata
ponderosa – citrus limon × medica
rhobs al-arsa – citrus limon
florentine citron – citrus limonimedica
oroblanco, oro blanco (white gold) or sweetie , melogold – (citrus grandis osbeck × citrus paradisi macf.)
pixie mandarin – cross between king tangor , dancy mandarin possible unknown pollen donor
ugli fruit – citrus reticulata × citrus paradisi
lemonade fruit – cross between navel orange , lemon

chimera

graft-chimaeras, called graft hybrids, can occur in citrus. cells not somatically fused rather mix tissues scion , rootstock after grafting, popular example bizzaria orange. in formal usage, these marked plus sign + instead x .

intergenetic hybrids
citrofortunella

citrofortunella according swingle system, hybrid genus, containing intergeneric hybrids between members of genus citrus , closely related fortunella. named after 2 parent genera. such hybrids combine cold hardiness of fortunella, such kumquat, edibility properties of citrus species. citrofortunellas, hybrids, marked multiplication sign before word citrofortunella , example × citrofortunella microcarpa or × citrofortunella mitis refer same plant.

carl peter thunberg classified kumquats citrus japonica in 1784 book, flora japonica. in 1915, walter t. swingle reclassified them in segregate genus, fortunella, named in honor of robert fortune. 7 species of fortunella have been recognized—f. japonica, f. margarita, f. crassifolia, f. hindsii, f. obovata , f. polyandra, described f. bawangica. since kumquat cold hardy species, there many hybrids between common citrus members , kumquat (most popularly calamondin occurred naturally). hybrids not citrus hybrids, according swingle, reside in separate hybrid genus called × citrofortunella.

subsequent study of many commercial lineages revealed such complexity genera not separated. consequently, in accordance international code of nomenclature algae, fungi, , plants, correct genus name reverted citrus. flora of china returns kumquat citrus , combines species single species citrus japonica, , today fortunella , citrofortunella nothing else regular citrus.

these plants hardier , more compact citrus plants, referred cold hardy citrus. produce small acidic fruit , make ornamental plants. citrofortunella hybrids include:

calamondin – (tangerine crossed kumquat)
citrangequat – (citrange crossed kumquat)
limequat – (citrofortunella floridana) – (key lime crossed kumquat)
orangequat – citrofortunella nippon – (satsuma mandarin crossed kumquat)
procimequat – (citrofortunella floridana) – (limequat crossed kumquat)
sunquat – citrus limon × japonica – (lemon crossed kumquat)
yuzuquat – citrus ichangensis × reticulata – (yuzu crossed kumquat)

citrocirus

citrocirus according swingle system, hybrid genus, containing hybrids between members of genus citrus , closely related poncirus, includes trifoliate orange, cold hardy plant commonly used citrus rootstock. citrocirus commonly refers citranges hybrids between trifoliate , sweet oranges. molecular investigation suggested fortunella, citrofortunella, poncirus , citrocirus should equivocally included in genus citrus.

according swingle system, trifoliate orange, cold hardy plant commonly used citrus rootstock, not included in genus citrus, in related genus, poncirus. therefore, citrange, hybrid between trifoliate , sweet orange, placed hybrid genus called citrocirus (not valid botanical name). however, molecular investigation suggests poncirus should equivocally included in genus citrus.

citrange – citrus sinensis × poncirus trifoliata – 3 cultivars: troyer , rusk , carrizo .
citrumelo – citrus paradisi × poncirus trifoliata




^ larry k. jackson , stephen h. futch. robinson tangerine . ufl.edu. 
^ commernet, 2011. 20-13.0061. sunburst tangerines; classification , standards, 20-13. market classification, maturity standards , processing or packing restrictions hybrids, d20. departmental, 20. department of citrus, florida administrative code . state of florida. retrieved 14 may 2015. 
^ saito, m; hirata-koizumi, m; matsumoto, m; urano, t; hasegawa, r (2005). undesirable effects of citrus juice on pharmacokinetics of drugs: focus on recent studies . drug safety. 28 (8): 677–94. doi:10.2165/00002018-200528080-00003. pmid 16048354. 
^ bailey, david g. (2010). fruit juice inhibition of uptake transport: new type of food-drug interaction . british journal of clinical pharmacology. 70 (5): 645–55. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03722.x. pmc 2997304 . pmid 21039758. 
^ http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/tangelo.html
^ widmer, wilbur (2006). 1 tangerine/grapefruit hybrid (tangelo) contains trace amounts of furanocoumarins @ level low associated grapefruit/drug interactions . journal of food science. 70 (6): c419–22. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb11440.x. 
^ bourrier, t; pereira, c (2013). allergy citrus juice . clinical , translational allergy. 3 (suppl 3): p153. doi:10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p153. pmc 3723546 . 
^ cardullo, ac; ruszkowski, am; deleo, va (1989). allergic contact dermatitis resulting sensitivity citrus peel, geraniol, , citral . journal of american academy of dermatology. 21 (2 pt 2): 395–7. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(89)80043-x. pmid 2526827. 
^ boonpiyathad, s (2013). chronic angioedema caused navel orange not citrus allergy: case report . clinical , translational allergy. 3 (suppl 3): p159. doi:10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p159. pmc 3723846 . 
^ corazza-nunes, m.j. assessment of genetic variability in grapefruits (citrus paradisi macf.) , pummelos (c. maxima (burm.) merr.) using rapd , ssr markers . euphytica. 126: 169–176. doi:10.1023/a:1016332030738. 
^ lemons: diversity , relationships selected citrus genotypes measured nuclear genome markers
^ cite error: named reference wu invoked never defined (see page).
^ draft genome of sweet orange (citrus sinensis)
^ see respective pages sources.
^ https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/sweet_lime.html purdue university
^ please note author confused lumia , palestinian sweet lime. 2 quite distinguishable, , not same, whereas palestinian sweet lime , limetta can possibly similar or identical. see following citation of citrus industry (book) , adjacent photos.
^ citrus industry volume palestine @ citrus variety collection website
^ volume archived 2012-02-05 @ wayback machine. see heading: indian (palestine)
^ easybloom :: calamondin - x citrofortunella mitis :: detailed plant information . easybloom.com. 
^ gardens world archived 2014-12-07 @ wayback machine.


dict


^ mabberley (blumea 49: 481–498. 2004) citrus (rutaceae): review of recent advances in etymology, systematics , medical applications
^ zhang dianxiang, thomas g. hartley, david j. mabberley, rutaceae in flora of china 11: 51-97 (2008)
^ jorma koskinen; sylvain jousse. citrus pages / kumquats . free.fr. 
^ nicolosi et al. (2000)
^ de araújo et al. (2003)
^ nicolosi et al. (2000), de araújo et al. (2003)